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 // This file is part of the ACTS project.
 //
 // Copyright (C) 2016 CERN for the benefit of the ACTS project
 //
 // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 // License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 // file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 #pragma once
 
 #include "Acts/AmbiguityResolution/ScoreBasedAmbiguityResolution.hpp"
 
 #include "Acts/Definitions/Units.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/TrackContainerFrontendConcept.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/VectorHelpers.hpp"
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 namespace Acts {
 
 inline const Logger& ScoreBasedAmbiguityResolution::logger() const {
   return *m_logger;
 }
 
 template <TrackContainerFrontend track_container_t>
 std::vector<std::vector<ScoreBasedAmbiguityResolution::TrackFeatures>>
 ScoreBasedAmbiguityResolution::computeInitialState(
     const track_container_t& tracks) const {
   ACTS_VERBOSE("Starting to compute initial state");
   std::vector<std::vector<TrackFeatures>> trackFeaturesVectors;
   trackFeaturesVectors.reserve(tracks.size());
 
   for (const auto& track : tracks) {
     int numberOfDetectors = m_cfg.detectorConfigs.size();
 
     std::vector<TrackFeatures> trackFeaturesVector(numberOfDetectors);
 
     for (const auto& ts : track.trackStatesReversed()) {
       if (!ts.hasReferenceSurface()) {
         ACTS_DEBUG("Track state has no reference surface");
         continue;
       }
       auto iVolume = ts.referenceSurface().geometryId().volume();
       auto volume_it = m_cfg.volumeMap.find(iVolume);
       if (volume_it == m_cfg.volumeMap.end()) {
         ACTS_ERROR("Volume " << iVolume << "not found in the volume map");
         continue;
       }
       auto detectorId = volume_it->second;
 
       if (ts.typeFlags().isHole()) {
         ACTS_VERBOSE("Track state type is HoleFlag");
         trackFeaturesVector[detectorId].nHoles++;
       } else if (ts.typeFlags().isOutlier()) {
         ACTS_VERBOSE("Track state type is OutlierFlag");
         trackFeaturesVector[detectorId].nOutliers++;
 
       } else if (ts.typeFlags().isMeasurement()) {
         ACTS_VERBOSE("Track state type is MeasurementFlag");
 
         if (ts.typeFlags().isSharedHit()) {
           trackFeaturesVector[detectorId].nSharedHits++;
         }
         trackFeaturesVector[detectorId].nHits++;
       }
     }
     trackFeaturesVectors.push_back(std::move(trackFeaturesVector));
   }
 
   return trackFeaturesVectors;
 }
 
 template <TrackContainerFrontend track_container_t>
 std::vector<double> Acts::ScoreBasedAmbiguityResolution::simpleScore(
     const track_container_t& tracks,
     const std::vector<std::vector<TrackFeatures>>& trackFeaturesVectors,
     const Optionals<typename track_container_t::ConstTrackProxy>& optionals)
     const {
   std::vector<double> trackScore;
   trackScore.reserve(tracks.size());
 
   int iTrack = 0;
 
   ACTS_VERBOSE("Number of detectors: " << m_cfg.detectorConfigs.size());
 
   ACTS_INFO("Starting to score tracks");
 
   // Loop over all the tracks in the container
   for (const auto& track : tracks) {
     // get the trackFeatures map for the track
     const auto& trackFeaturesVector = trackFeaturesVectors[iTrack];
     double score = 1;
     auto eta = Acts::VectorHelpers::eta(track.momentum());
 
     // cuts on optional cuts
     for (const auto& cutFunction : optionals.cuts) {
       if (cutFunction(track)) {
         score = 0;
         ACTS_DEBUG("Track: " << iTrack
                              << " has score = 0, due to optional cuts.");
         break;
       }
     }
 
     if (score == 0) {
       iTrack++;
       trackScore.push_back(score);
       ACTS_DEBUG("Track: " << iTrack << " score : " << score);
       continue;
     }
 
     // Reject tracks which didn't pass the detector cuts.
     for (std::size_t detectorId = 0; detectorId < m_cfg.detectorConfigs.size();
          detectorId++) {
       const auto& detector = m_cfg.detectorConfigs.at(detectorId);
 
       const auto& trackFeatures = trackFeaturesVector[detectorId];
 
       ACTS_VERBOSE("---> Found summary information");
       ACTS_VERBOSE("---> Detector ID: " << detectorId);
       ACTS_VERBOSE("---> Number of hits: " << trackFeatures.nHits);
       ACTS_VERBOSE("---> Number of holes: " << trackFeatures.nHoles);
       ACTS_VERBOSE("---> Number of outliers: " << trackFeatures.nOutliers);
 
       // eta based cuts
       if (etaBasedCuts(detector, trackFeatures, eta)) {
         score = 0;
         ACTS_DEBUG("Track: " << iTrack
                              << " has score = 0, due to detector cuts");
         break;
       }
     }
 
     if (score == 0) {
       iTrack++;
       trackScore.push_back(score);
       ACTS_DEBUG("Track: " << iTrack << " score : " << score);
       continue;
     }
 
     // All cuts passed, now start scoring the track
 
     ACTS_VERBOSE("Using Simple Scoring function");
 
     score = 100;
     // Adding the score for each detector.
     // detector score is determined by the number of hits/hole/outliers *
     // hit/hole/outlier scoreWeights in a detector.
     for (std::size_t detectorId = 0; detectorId < m_cfg.detectorConfigs.size();
          detectorId++) {
       const auto& detector = m_cfg.detectorConfigs.at(detectorId);
       const auto& trackFeatures = trackFeaturesVector[detectorId];
 
       score += trackFeatures.nHits * detector.hitsScoreWeight;
       score += trackFeatures.nHoles * detector.holesScoreWeight;
       score += trackFeatures.nOutliers * detector.outliersScoreWeight;
       score += trackFeatures.nSharedHits * detector.otherScoreWeight;
     }
 
     // Adding scores based on optional weights
     for (const auto& weightFunction : optionals.weights) {
       weightFunction(track, score);
     }
 
     // Adding the score based on the chi2/ndf
     if (track.chi2() > 0 && track.nDoF() > 0) {
       double p = 1. / std::log10(10. + 10. * track.chi2() / track.nDoF());
       if (p > 0) {
         score += p;
       } else {
         score -= 50;
       }
     }
 
     iTrack++;
 
     // Add the score to the vector
     trackScore.push_back(score);
     ACTS_VERBOSE("Track: " << iTrack << " score: " << score);
 
   }  // end of loop over tracks
 
   return trackScore;
 }
 
 template <TrackContainerFrontend track_container_t>
 std::vector<double> Acts::ScoreBasedAmbiguityResolution::ambiguityScore(
     const track_container_t& tracks,
     const std::vector<std::vector<TrackFeatures>>& trackFeaturesVectors,
     const Optionals<typename track_container_t::ConstTrackProxy>& optionals)
     const {
   std::vector<double> trackScore;
   trackScore.reserve(tracks.size());
 
   ACTS_VERBOSE("Using Ambiguity Scoring function");
 
   int iTrack = 0;
 
   ACTS_VERBOSE("Number of detectors: " << m_cfg.detectorConfigs.size());
 
   ACTS_INFO("Starting to score tracks");
 
   // Loop over all the tracks in the container
   for (const auto& track : tracks) {
     // get the trackFeatures map for the track
     const auto& trackFeaturesVector = trackFeaturesVectors[iTrack];
     double score = 1;
     auto pT = Acts::VectorHelpers::perp(track.momentum());
     auto eta = Acts::VectorHelpers::eta(track.momentum());
 
     // cuts on optional cuts
     for (const auto& cutFunction : optionals.cuts) {
       if (cutFunction(track)) {
         score = 0;
         ACTS_DEBUG("Track: " << iTrack
                              << " has score = 0, due to optional cuts.");
         break;
       }
     }
 
     if (score == 0) {
       iTrack++;
       trackScore.push_back(score);
       ACTS_DEBUG("Track: " << iTrack << " score : " << score);
       continue;
     }
 
     // Reject tracks which didn't pass the detector cuts.
     for (std::size_t detectorId = 0; detectorId < m_cfg.detectorConfigs.size();
          detectorId++) {
       const auto& detector = m_cfg.detectorConfigs.at(detectorId);
 
       const auto& trackFeatures = trackFeaturesVector[detectorId];
 
       ACTS_VERBOSE("---> Found summary information");
       ACTS_VERBOSE("---> Detector ID: " << detectorId);
       ACTS_VERBOSE("---> Number of hits: " << trackFeatures.nHits);
       ACTS_VERBOSE("---> Number of holes: " << trackFeatures.nHoles);
       ACTS_VERBOSE("---> Number of outliers: " << trackFeatures.nOutliers);
 
       // eta based cuts
       if (etaBasedCuts(detector, trackFeatures, eta)) {
         score = 0;
         ACTS_DEBUG("Track: " << iTrack
                              << " has score = 0, due to detector cuts");
         break;
       }
     }
 
     if (score == 0) {
       iTrack++;
       trackScore.push_back(score);
       ACTS_DEBUG("Track: " << iTrack << " score : " << score);
       continue;
     }
 
     // All cuts passed, now start scoring the track
 
     // start with larger score for tracks with higher pT.
     score = std::log10(pT / UnitConstants::MeV) - 1.;
     // pT in GeV, hence 100 MeV is minimum and gets score = 1
     ACTS_DEBUG("Modifier for pT = " << pT << " GeV is : " << score
                                     << "  New score now: " << score);
 
     for (std::size_t detectorId = 0; detectorId < m_cfg.detectorConfigs.size();
          detectorId++) {
       const auto& detector = m_cfg.detectorConfigs.at(detectorId);
 
       const auto& trackFeatures = trackFeaturesVector[detectorId];
 
       // choosing a scaling factor based on the number of hits in a track per
       // detector.
       std::size_t nHits = trackFeatures.nHits;
       if (nHits > detector.maxHits) {
         score = score * (nHits - detector.maxHits + 1);  // hits are good !
         nHits = detector.maxHits;
       }
       score = score * detector.factorHits[nHits];
       ACTS_DEBUG("Modifier for " << nHits
                                  << " hits: " << detector.factorHits[nHits]
                                  << "  New score now: " << score);
 
       // choosing a scaling factor based on the number of holes in a track per
       // detector.
       std::size_t iHoles = trackFeatures.nHoles;
       if (iHoles > detector.maxHoles) {
         score /= (iHoles - detector.maxHoles + 1);  // holes are bad !
         iHoles = detector.maxHoles;
       }
       score = score * detector.factorHoles[iHoles];
       ACTS_DEBUG("Modifier for " << iHoles
                                  << " holes: " << detector.factorHoles[iHoles]
                                  << "  New score now: " << score);
     }
 
     for (const auto& scoreFunction : optionals.scores) {
       scoreFunction(track, score);
     }
 
     if (track.chi2() > 0 && track.nDoF() > 0) {
       double chi2 = track.chi2();
       int indf = track.nDoF();
       double fac = 1. / std::log10(10. + 10. * chi2 / indf);
       score = score * fac;
       ACTS_DEBUG("Modifier for chi2 = " << chi2 << " and NDF = " << indf
                                         << " is : " << fac
                                         << "  New score now: " << score);
     }
 
     iTrack++;
 
     // Add the score to the vector
     trackScore.push_back(score);
     ACTS_VERBOSE("Track: " << iTrack << " score: " << score);
 
   }  // end of loop over tracks
 
   return trackScore;
 }
 
 template <TrackContainerFrontend track_container_t, typename source_link_hash_t,
           typename source_link_equality_t>
 std::vector<int> Acts::ScoreBasedAmbiguityResolution::solveAmbiguity(
     const track_container_t& tracks, source_link_hash_t sourceLinkHash,
     source_link_equality_t sourceLinkEquality,
     const Optionals<typename track_container_t::ConstTrackProxy>& optionals)
     const {
   ACTS_INFO("Number of tracks before Ambiguty Resolution: " << tracks.size());
   // vector of trackFeaturesVectors. where each trackFeaturesVector contains the
   // number of hits/hole/outliers for each detector in a track.
 
   const std::vector<std::vector<TrackFeatures>> trackFeaturesVectors =
       computeInitialState<track_container_t>(tracks);
 
   std::vector<double> trackScore;
   trackScore.reserve(tracks.size());
   if (m_cfg.useAmbiguityScoring) {
     trackScore = ambiguityScore(tracks, trackFeaturesVectors, optionals);
   } else {
     trackScore = simpleScore(tracks, trackFeaturesVectors, optionals);
   }
 
   auto MeasurementIndexMap =
       std::unordered_map<SourceLink, std::size_t, source_link_hash_t,
                          source_link_equality_t>(0, sourceLinkHash,
                                                  sourceLinkEquality);
 
   std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> measurementsPerTrackVector;
   std::map<std::size_t, std::size_t> nTracksPerMeasurement;
 
   // Stores tracks measurement into a vector or vectors
   // (measurementsPerTrackVector) and counts the number of tracks per
   // measurement.(nTracksPerMeasurement)
 
   for (const auto& track : tracks) {
     std::vector<std::size_t> measurementsPerTrack;
     for (const auto& ts : track.trackStatesReversed()) {
       if (!ts.typeFlags().isOutlier() && !ts.typeFlags().isMeasurement()) {
         continue;
       }
       Acts::SourceLink sourceLink = ts.getUncalibratedSourceLink();
       // assign a new measurement index if the source link was not seen yet
       auto emplace = MeasurementIndexMap.try_emplace(
           sourceLink, MeasurementIndexMap.size());
       std::size_t iMeasurement = emplace.first->second;
       measurementsPerTrack.push_back(iMeasurement);
       if (nTracksPerMeasurement.find(iMeasurement) ==
           nTracksPerMeasurement.end()) {
         nTracksPerMeasurement[iMeasurement] = 0;
       }
       nTracksPerMeasurement[iMeasurement]++;
     }
     measurementsPerTrackVector.push_back(std::move(measurementsPerTrack));
   }
 
   std::vector<int> goodTracks;
   int cleanTrackIndex = 0;
 
   auto optionalHitSelections = optionals.hitSelections;
 
   // Loop over all the tracks in the container
   // For each track, check if the track has too many shared hits to be accepted.
   // If the track is good, add it to the goodTracks
   for (std::size_t iTrack = 0; const auto& track : tracks) {
     // Check if the track has too many shared hits to be accepted.
     if (getCleanedOutTracks(track, trackScore[iTrack],
                             measurementsPerTrackVector[iTrack],
                             nTracksPerMeasurement, optionalHitSelections)) {
       cleanTrackIndex++;
       if (trackScore[iTrack] > m_cfg.minScore) {
         goodTracks.push_back(track.index());
       }
     }
     iTrack++;
   }
   ACTS_INFO("Number of clean tracks: " << cleanTrackIndex);
   ACTS_VERBOSE("Min score: " << m_cfg.minScore);
   ACTS_INFO("Number of Good tracks: " << goodTracks.size());
   return goodTracks;
 }
 
 template <TrackProxyConcept track_proxy_t>
 bool Acts::ScoreBasedAmbiguityResolution::getCleanedOutTracks(
     const track_proxy_t& track, const double& trackScore,
     const std::vector<std::size_t>& measurementsPerTrack,
     const std::map<std::size_t, std::size_t>& nTracksPerMeasurement,
     const std::vector<
         std::function<void(const track_proxy_t&,
                            const typename track_proxy_t::ConstTrackStateProxy&,
                            TrackStateTypes&)>>& optionalHitSelections) const {
   // For tracks with shared hits, we need to check and remove bad hits
 
   std::vector<TrackStateTypes> trackStateTypes;
   // Loop over all measurements of the track and for each hit a
   // trackStateTypes is assigned.
   for (std::size_t index = 0; const auto& ts : track.trackStatesReversed()) {
     if (ts.typeFlags().isOutlier() || ts.typeFlags().isMeasurement()) {
       std::size_t iMeasurement = measurementsPerTrack[index];
       auto it = nTracksPerMeasurement.find(iMeasurement);
       if (it == nTracksPerMeasurement.end()) {
         trackStateTypes.push_back(TrackStateTypes::OtherTrackStateType);
         index++;
         continue;
       }
 
       std::size_t nTracksShared = it->second;
       auto isoutliner = ts.typeFlags().isOutlier();
 
       if (isoutliner) {
         ACTS_VERBOSE("Measurement is outlier on a fitter track, copy it over");
         trackStateTypes.push_back(TrackStateTypes::Outlier);
         continue;
       }
       if (nTracksShared == 1) {
         ACTS_VERBOSE("Measurement is not shared, copy it over");
 
         trackStateTypes.push_back(TrackStateTypes::UnsharedHit);
         continue;
       } else if (nTracksShared > 1) {
         ACTS_VERBOSE("Measurement is shared, copy it over");
         trackStateTypes.push_back(TrackStateTypes::SharedHit);
         continue;
       }
     }
   }
   std::vector<std::size_t> newMeasurementsPerTrack;
   std::size_t measurement = 0;
   std::size_t nshared = 0;
 
   // Loop over all measurements of the track and process them according to the
   // trackStateTypes and other conditions.
   // Good measurements are copied to the newMeasurementsPerTrack vector.
   for (std::size_t index = 0; auto ts : track.trackStatesReversed()) {
     if (ts.typeFlags().isOutlier() || ts.typeFlags().isMeasurement()) {
       if (!ts.hasReferenceSurface()) {
         ACTS_DEBUG("Track state has no reference surface");
         continue;
       }
 
       std::size_t ivolume = ts.referenceSurface().geometryId().volume();
       auto volume_it = m_cfg.volumeMap.find(ivolume);
       if (volume_it == m_cfg.volumeMap.end()) {
         ACTS_ERROR("Volume " << ivolume << " not found in the volume map");
         continue;
       }
 
       std::size_t detectorID = volume_it->second;
 
       const auto& detector = m_cfg.detectorConfigs.at(detectorID);
 
       measurement = measurementsPerTrack[index];
 
       auto it = nTracksPerMeasurement.find(measurement);
       if (it == nTracksPerMeasurement.end()) {
         index++;
         continue;
       }
       auto nTracksShared = it->second;
 
       // Loop over all optionalHitSelections and apply them to trackStateType of
       // the TrackState.
 
       for (const auto& hitSelection : optionalHitSelections) {
         hitSelection(track, ts, trackStateTypes[index]);
       }
 
       if (trackStateTypes[index] == TrackStateTypes::RejectedHit) {
         ACTS_DEBUG("Dropping rejected hit");
       } else if (trackStateTypes[index] != TrackStateTypes::SharedHit) {
         ACTS_DEBUG("Good TSOS, copy hit");
         newMeasurementsPerTrack.push_back(measurement);
 
         // a counter called nshared is used to keep track of the number of
         // shared hits accepted.
       } else if (nshared >= m_cfg.maxShared) {
         ACTS_DEBUG("Too many shared hit, drop it");
       }
       // If the track is shared, the hit is only accepted if the track has
       // score higher than the minimum score for shared tracks.
       else {
         ACTS_DEBUG("Try to recover shared hit ");
         if (nTracksShared <= m_cfg.maxSharedTracksPerMeasurement &&
             trackScore > m_cfg.minScoreSharedTracks &&
             !detector.sharedHitsFlag) {
           ACTS_DEBUG("Accepted hit shared with " << nTracksShared << " tracks");
           newMeasurementsPerTrack.push_back(measurement);
           nshared++;
         } else {
           ACTS_DEBUG("Rejected hit shared with " << nTracksShared << " tracks");
         }
       }
       index++;
     }
   }
   // Check if the track has enough hits to be accepted.
   if (newMeasurementsPerTrack.size() < m_cfg.minUnshared) {
     return false;
   } else {
     return true;
   }
 }
 
 }  // namespace Acts

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